PARAQUAT First draft prepared

Explanation.................................................................................................... 203 Evaluation for acceptable daily intake .......................................................... 204 Biochemical aspects ................................................................................ 204 Absorption, distribution and excretion .............................................. 204 Biotransformation .............................................................................. 209 Toxicological studies ............................................................................... 210 Acute toxicity ..................................................................................... 210 Dermal irritation........................................................................... 210 Ocular irritation ............................................................................ 210 Dermal sensitization ..................................................................... 212 Short-term studies of toxicity ............................................................ 212 Oral administration....................................................................... 212 Dermal application ....................................................................... 216 Exposure by inhalation................................................................. 217 Long-term studies of toxicity and carcinogenicity ............................ 218 Genotoxicity ....................................................................................... 226 Reproductive toxicity ......................................................................... 227 Multigeneration studies ................................................................ 227 Developmental toxicity................................................................. 237 Special studies.................................................................................... 240 Mechanistic studies ...................................................................... 240 Liver toxicity ................................................................................ 242 Kidney toxicity ............................................................................. 243 Neurotoxicology ........................................................................... 243 Possible neurotoxic interactions ................................................... 246 Experimental therapies ................................................................. 247 Poisoning of animals .................................................................... 247 Observations in humans .......................................................................... 247 Poisoning incidents ............................................................................ 247 Epidemiological studies ..................................................................... 250 Studies in human volunteers .............................................................. 251 Comments...................................................................................................... 251 Toxicological evaluation................................................................................ 255 References ..................................................................................................... 256